照明術語解說 | Lighting Terminology Guide
MAT Lighting（松島照明）香港商業及工業照明專家
以下列出常見的照明專業術語，協助您更好地了解燈具規格及照明方案。如有任何查詢，歡迎聯絡 MAT Lighting 香港專業團隊。
1. 瓦特 | Watt (W)
中文：
瓦特（W）是電功率的國際單位，用於表示燈具的耗電量。功率乘以使用時間即為總耗電量（度數）。在選購LED燈具時，瓦數越低而光效越高，代表產品節能效益越佳。
English:
Watt (W) is the international unit of electrical power, indicating the power consumption of a luminaire. Power multiplied by usage time equals total energy consumed (kWh). When selecting LED fixtures, a lower wattage combined with higher luminous efficacy indicates superior energy efficiency.
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2. 電壓 | Voltage (V)
中文：
電壓（V）是電路中電動勢的量度單位。香港標準供電電壓為220-240V。部分商業及工業燈具支援通用電壓（AC100-277V），適合應用於不同地區的工程項目，靈活性更高。
English:
Voltage (V) measures the electromotive force within an electrical circuit, expressed in volts (V). The standard supply voltage in Hong Kong is 220-240V. Certain commercial and industrial luminaires support universal voltage (AC100-277V), offering greater flexibility for projects across different regions.
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3. 照度均勻度 | Uniformity
中文：
照度均勻度是指某一空間內最低照度與最高照度的比值。數值越接近1，代表光線分布越均勻。均勻度主要受燈具的配光設計及安裝間距影響，是評估商業及工業照明質素的重要技術指標。
English:
Uniformity is the ratio of minimum illuminance to maximum illuminance within a defined space. A value closer to 1 indicates more even light distribution. It is primarily determined by the luminaire's photometric design and installation spacing, and is a key technical benchmark for evaluating commercial and industrial lighting quality.
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4. 功率因數 | Power Factor (PF)
中文：
功率因數（PF）是交流電路中電壓與電流之間相位差的量度，數值介乎0至1之間，1.0為理想值。功率因數越高，電能利用效率越高，有效降低無功損耗。商業及工業燈具一般要求功率因數大於0.9。
English:
Power Factor (PF) measures the phase difference between voltage and current in an alternating current (AC) circuit, ranging from 0 to 1.0, where 1.0 is ideal. A higher power factor indicates more efficient use of electrical energy and reduced reactive power loss. Commercial and industrial luminaires are generally required to maintain a power factor greater than 0.9.
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5. 光通量 | Luminous Flux (lm)
中文：
光通量是指光源向各個方向發出的可見光總量，以流明（lm）為單位。光通量越高，光源的整體發光量越大。在評估燈具效能時，光通量須與燈具瓦數一併考量，以計算光效（lm/W）。
English:
Luminous flux represents the total quantity of visible light emitted by a light source in all directions, measured in lumens (lm). A higher luminous flux indicates greater overall light output. When evaluating luminaire performance, luminous flux should be assessed alongside wattage to calculate luminous efficacy (lm/W).
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6. 光強度 | Luminous Intensity (cd)
中文：
光強度描述光源在特定方向上的發光功率，以坎德拉（cd）為單位。與光通量不同，光強度反映特定方向的光線集中程度，是評估射燈、泛光燈等定向照明燈具的重要指標。
English:
Luminous intensity describes the power of a light source emitted in a specific direction, measured in candela (cd). Unlike luminous flux, luminous intensity reflects the concentration of light in a particular direction, making it a key parameter for evaluating directional luminaires such as spotlights and floodlights.
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7. 勒克斯 | Lux (lx)
中文：
勒克斯（lx）是照度的國際單位（SI），表示每平方米面積所接收到的光通量。1勒克斯等於每平方米1流明（1 lm/m²）。照度是評估工作場所、商業空間及戶外照明是否符合標準的核心指標。
English:
Lux (lx) is the SI unit of illuminance, representing the luminous flux received per square metre of surface area. One lux equals one lumen per square metre (1 lm/m²). Illuminance is the primary metric for assessing whether lighting levels in workplaces, commercial spaces, and outdoor environments meet required standards.
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8. 光束角 | Beam Angle
中文：
光束角是指燈具光輸出降至峰值光強度50%時所對應的角度範圍。LED燈具的光束角一般介乎10°至120°之間。光束角越窄，光線越集中；光束角越寬，光線覆蓋範圍越大。MAT Lighting 的燈具採用優質光學透鏡或反射器，提供多種光束角選擇，以配合不同商業及工業照明場景的需求。
English:
The beam angle defines the angular range within which the luminaire's light output falls to 50% of its peak intensity. LED luminaires typically offer beam angles ranging from 10° to 120°. A narrower beam angle produces more concentrated light, while a wider angle provides broader area coverage. MAT Lighting luminaires utilise precision optical lenses or reflectors to offer multiple beam angle options, catering to diverse commercial and industrial lighting applications.
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9. 顯色指數 | Colour Rendering Index (CRI / Ra)
中文：
顯色指數（CRI）是衡量光源準確還原物體真實色彩能力的量化指標，數值範圍為1至100，100代表正午晴天自然光。數值越高，物體顏色還原越真實準確。
參考標準：
• CRI 60-69：適用於工業倉儲等對顯色要求較低的場所
• CRI 80-89：適用於辦公室、商場及大多數商業空間，為最常見選擇
• CRI 90以上：適用於高端零售、醫療及對色彩辨別要求極高的專業場所
English:
The Colour Rendering Index (CRI / Ra) is a quantitative measure of a light source's ability to accurately reveal the true colours of objects, on a scale of 1 to 100, where 100 represents natural daylight at noon on a clear day. The higher the CRI, the more accurately colours are rendered.
Reference Standards:
• CRI 60-69: Suitable for industrial storage and areas with low colour discrimination requirements
• CRI 80-89: Suitable for offices, shopping malls, and most commercial spaces — the most commonly specified range
• CRI 90+: Suitable for high-end retail, medical facilities, and professional environments requiring precise colour accuracy
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10. 防護等級 | Ingress Protection Rating (IP)
中文：
IP防護等級是國際電工委員會（IEC）制定的標準，用於評定電氣設備外殼對固體異物及液體的防護能力。IP等級由兩位數字組成：
第一位數字 — 防固體異物等級（0-6）：
• 0：無特別防護
• 1：防護直徑大於50mm的固體
• 2：防護直徑大於12mm的固體（如手指）
• 3：防護直徑大於2.5mm的工具或電線
• 4：防護直徑大於1.0mm的固體
• 5：防護可能影響設備運作的灰塵積聚
• 6：完全防塵（塵密）
第二位數字 — 防液體等級（0-8）：
• 0：無特別防護
• 1：防垂直滴水
• 2：防傾斜15°以內的滴水
• 3：防60°角以內的噴水
• 4：防各方向的濺水
• 5：防各方向的低壓噴水
• 6：防強力噴水
• 7：防短時間浸水（水深1m，30分鐘）
• 8：防持續浸水（按製造商規格）
常見應用參考：
• IP20：室內乾燥環境（辦公室、商場）
• IP44：半戶外或潮濕環境
• IP65：戶外防水防塵（MAT Whylux WP5／WP6／WP7 Wall Pack）
• IP67/68：需要浸水防護的特殊環境
English:
The Ingress Protection (IP) Rating is an international standard established by the IEC to classify the degree of protection provided by an electrical enclosure against solid foreign objects and liquids. The IP rating consists of two digits:
First Digit — Solid Object Protection (0-6):
• 0: No protection
• 1: Protection against solid objects larger than 50mm
• 2: Protection against solid objects larger than 12mm in diameter (e.g. fingers)
• 3: Protection against tools or wires with a diameter greater than 2.5mm
• 4: Protection against solid objects with a diameter greater than 1.0mm
• 5: Protection against dust accumulation that may interfere with equipment operation
• 6: Dust-tight — complete protection against dust ingress
Second Digit — Liquid Protection (0-8):
• 0: No protection
• 1: Protection against vertically dripping water
• 2: Protection against dripping water when tilted up to 15°
• 3: Protection against sprayed water up to 60° from vertical
• 4: Protection against water splashing from any direction
• 5: Protection against low-pressure water jets from any direction
• 6: Protection against powerful water jets
• 7: Protection against temporary immersion (up to 1m depth for 30 minutes)
• 8: Protection against continuous immersion (per manufacturer's specifications)
Common Application Reference:
• IP20: Indoor dry environments (offices, shopping malls)
• IP44: Semi-outdoor or damp environments
• IP65: Outdoor weatherproof (MAT Whylux WP5 / WP6 / WP7 Wall Pack)
• IP67/68: Specialist environments requiring submersion protection
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11. 色溫 | Colour Temperature (CCT)
中文：
色溫以開爾文（K）為單位，用於描述光源所發出光線的冷暖色調。色溫越低，光線越暖（偏黃橙色）；色溫越高，光線越冷（偏藍白色）。
常見色溫分類：
• 暖白光（Warm White）：2700K-3000K — 適用於餐飲、酒店及家居空間
• 中性白光（Natural White）：4000K-4500K — 適用於辦公室及零售環境
• 冷白光（Cool White）：5000K-6500K — 適用於工廠、倉庫及戶外工業場所
English:
Colour Temperature, measured in Kelvin (K), describes the warmth or coolness of light emitted by a source. Lower colour temperatures produce warmer light (yellowish-orange tones), while higher temperatures produce cooler light (bluish-white tones).
Common Colour Temperature Classifications:
• Warm White (WW): 2700K-3000K — Suitable for F&B, hospitality, and residential spaces
• Natural White (NW): 4000K-4500K — Suitable for offices and retail environments
• Cool White (CW) / Daylight (DW): 5000K-6500K — Suitable for factories, warehouses, and outdoor industrial applications
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12. 光效 | Luminous Efficacy (lm/W)
中文：
光效是衡量燈具能源效益的核心指標，以每瓦特所產生的流明數（lm/W）表示。光效越高，代表以相同電力消耗可產生更多光量，節能效果更顯著。MAT Lighting 的 Whylux 系列燈具光效達 130lm/W 或以上，符合香港及國際商業照明節能標準。
English:
Luminous efficacy is the primary metric for evaluating the energy efficiency of a luminaire, expressed as lumens per watt (lm/W). A higher efficacy value indicates more light output per unit of electrical energy consumed, resulting in greater energy savings. MAT Lighting's Whylux series luminaires achieve an efficacy of 130lm/W or above, meeting Hong Kong and international energy efficiency standards for commercial lighting.
如需了解更多照明技術規格或索取報價，請聯絡 MAT Lighting 香港團隊
電話 Tel: +852 2951 0038 | WhatsApp: +852 9635 1145 | Email: enquiry@matsushima.hk